The main principles and advantages of photovoltaic power generation

Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that directly converts light energy into electricity using the photovoltaic effect at the semiconductor interface. It mainly consists of three parts: solar panels, controllers, and inverters. The main components are electronic components. After the solar cells are connected in series, they can be packaged and protected to form large-area solar cell modules, which can then be combined with power controllers and other components to form photovoltaic power generation devices.

The main principle of photovoltaic power generation is the photoelectric effect of semiconductors. When photons irradiate a metal, their energy can be completely absorbed by the electrons in the metal. The energy absorbed by electrons is large enough to overcome the Coulomb force inside metal atoms to do work, and escape from the metal surface to become photoelectrons. Silicon atoms have four outer electrons. If pure silicon is doped with atoms with five outer electrons, such as phosphorus atoms, it becomes an N-type semiconductor. If pure silicon is doped with atoms with three external electrons, such as boron atoms, it forms a P-type semiconductor. When P-type and N-type are combined together, the contact surface will form a potential difference, becoming a solar cell. When sunlight shines on the pn junction, the current flows from the P-type side to the N-type side, forming a current.

The photoelectric effect is an important and magical phenomenon in physics. Under the irradiation of electromagnetic waves above a certain frequency (known as the limit frequency), electrons in certain substances absorb energy and escape to form an electric current, known as photoelectric. The schematic diagram of photovoltaic power generation shows that polycrystalline silicon is processed into silicon wafers through processes such as ingot casting, ingot breaking, and slicing. Doping and diffusion of trace amounts of boron, phosphorus, etc. A pn junction will be formed on the silicon wafer. Then, through screen printing, the finely prepared silver paste is printed on the silicon wafer to form grid lines. After sintering, it is also made into a rear electrode, and an anti reflective coating is coated on the surface with grid lines to make battery cells. The battery is arranged and combined to form a battery module, forming a large circuit board. Typically, the components are surrounded by an aluminum frame, with glass covering on the front and electrodes on the back. With battery components and other auxiliary equipment, a power generation system can be formed. In order to convert direct current into alternating current, it is necessary to install an inverter. After power generation, it can be stored in batteries or input into the public power grid. In the cost of power generation systems, battery components account for approximately 50%, while current converters, installation costs, other auxiliary components, and other costs account for an additional 50%.